Constitutional developments in egypt in 2011 by mr hanafy. Finally, section 7 draws conclusions from the recent events in egypts transition and discusses the. The constitutional declaration of 2011 was a measure adopted by the supreme council of the. The constitutional declaration for the arab republic of egypt, 2011. Revive the national decade of action for road safety 20112020 achieve nutritional target in line with the global ncd action plan 202025 and nutrition decade of action. Its leader, saad zaghloul, and his for successor, mosfata elnahhas, in adopting democracy asserted that right above power and is the nation is above government. Supreme council for the organization of the media articles 2011. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 january 2014. Egypts recently finalised draft charter introduced a large number of new articles to, as well as omitted others from, the controversial 2012 constitution predominantly drafted by. Blessed with a unique location and history, the arab nation of egypt is the heart of. Constitution that ensures the constitutional rights of citizens, while guaranteeing that no one is left behind. More than 14 million 77% were in favour, while around 4 million 23% opposed the changes.
The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual egyptian police holiday as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last. Perspectives on egypts 2014 constitution in custodia. Egypts government services portal laws and constitution skip navigation. The events in egypt, which began on 25 january 2011, came to an end on 11 february 2011 when. Download pdf this is the unofficial translation of the constitution of egypt 2014, as published by the egyptian state information service sis website.
The 1919 revolution that had rid egypt and the egyptians of the british protection, established the principle of citizenship and equality all the people. Adopted on september 11, 1971 through a public referendum. The first and most liberal of these was the 1923 constitution, which was promulgated just after britain declared egypts independence. Egypt has operated under several constitutions, both as a monarchy and, after 1952, as a republic. Egypts new constitution 2014 strongly addresses health as a fundamental human right and declares commitment to covering the whole population with quality health services. Cairo, egypt egyptian lawmakers have released a partial draft of egypts highly anticipated constitution, a document meant to embody the spirit of the tahrir square revolution. Egypts government services portal laws and constitution. Egypt the constitutional declaration for the arab republic. Political parties are regulated by the law the citizens have the right to establish political parties according to the law. This change resulted in successful and semi successful revolutions.
Constitution preamble we, the people of egypt, in the name of god and with the assistance of god, declare this to be egypts constitution and the document of the pioneering, peaceful revolution, which was started by egypts promising youth, protected by the armed forces, championed by the patient egyptians who gathered. It was signed into law by president mohamed morsi on 26 december 2012, after it was approved by the constituent assembly on 30 november 2012 and passed in a referendum held 1522 december 2012 with 64% support, and a turnout of 33%. It is the meeting point of world civilizations and cultures and the crossroads of. The arab world has been moving towards change in successive events since the beginning of 2011. Comparing three versions of the egyptian constitution. Nov 30, 2012 constitution preamble we, the people of egypt, in the name of the merciful god and with his aid, declare this to be our constitution, the document of the 25th of january revolution, which was started by our youth, embraced by our people, supported by our armed forces.
On 19th of march 2011, the scaf oversaw referendum that approved amendments to egypt s constitution, issued a constitutional declaration, and has also issued new laws on. With its unique location and history, egypt is the arab heart of the world. To meet the demands of the egyptian people, in may 2014, egypt held presidential elections and appointed a new cabinet, with a clear and coordinated vision towards. The egyptian revolution of 2011, also known as the january 25 revolution arabic. The scaf dissolved the parliament, suspended the constitution of egypt, and promised free, open parliamentary and presidential elections before the end of june 2012. Critics believe the amendments do not go far enough and that a new constitution should be written from.
The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual egyptian police holiday as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of mubaraks presidency. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the. Egypt s constitution and the document of the pioneering, peaceful revolution, which was started by egypt s promising youth, protected by the armed forces, championed by the patient egyptians who gathered in tahrir square on january. A timeline of key events in egypt since the 2011 uprising. Egyptians voted tuesday and wednesday on a proposed new constitution. The law library of congress holds the official gazette of egypt, which contains the official versions of the egyptian constitution of 1923. Download pdf this is the unofficial translation of the constitution of egypt 2014, as published by the egyptian state information service. We, the people of egypt, who have been toiling on this glorious land since the dawn of history and civilization, we the people working in egypts villages, fields, cities, factories, centers of education and industry in any field of work which contributes to the creation of life on its soil or plays a part in the honor of defending this land. Egyptian constitutional declaration of 2011 wikipedia.
Prior to the presidential elections, challengers to the incumbent president abdel fattah alsisi. Constitution of egypt of 19712011feb26 wikisource, the. Secretary general of the union of arab constitutional courts and councils uaccc. Protesters demand changes to egypt s constitution a new barrier to political change in egypt has emerged, and its the countrys constitution. Egypt s recently finalised draft charter introduced a large number of new articles to, as well as omitted others from, the controversial 2012 constitution predominantly drafted by the islamist. Egypt 2018 human rights report executive summary according to its constitution, egypt is a republic governed by an elected president and unicameral legislature. The constitution was amended in 2005 to be customised to. The arab republic of egypt is an independent, united sovereign state that cannot. The electoral framework in egypts continuing transition. Mar 18, 2011 if they pass, egypt will elect a new parliament and president within the next six months. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt was the former fundamental law of egypt. Egypt is both polarized and exhausted, a country seemingly in the grips of an extended nervous breakdown.
Constitution of the arab republic of egypt 2014 wipo. This document has been recompiled and reformatted using texts collected in international ideas constitutionnet. Egypts government services portal constitutional declaration 2011. Several articles include stronger emphasis on religion than the 1971 constitution, yet its character is largely secular. Interim constitution 2011 this document is an english translation of the 2011 interim constitution of the arab republic of egypt. Protesters demand changes to egypts constitution a new barrier to political change in egypt has emerged, and its the countrys constitution.
We, the people of egypt, in the name and with the assistance of god, the most merciful and gracious, this is our constitution, the document of the january 25 revolution, the revolution which was initiated by our youth, which our people rallied around, and. In the midst of current affairs in egypt where people are debating over the constitution that has been set before them to vote on, i would like to present to you one of the oldest, if. Egypts new constitution 2014 strongly addresses health as a fundamental human right and. The political system of the arab republic of egypt is a multiparty one, within the framework of the basic elements and principles of the egyptian society as stipulated in the constitution. Egypts progress towards universal health coverage uhc has been spurred recently through the. A draft constitution approved by egypts constituent assembly falls well short of protecting human rights and, in particular, ignores the rights of women, restricts freedom of expression in the name of protecting religion, and allows for the military trial of civilians, amnesty international said. Cairo ap here are some key events from more than seven years of turmoil and transition in egypt leading up to presidential elections on march 2628. The military takes over, dissolving parliament and suspending the constitution after.
The constitutional text departs from egypts authoritarian path, but also from a previous consensus among political forces to curb presidential powers. In these last three years, egypt witnessed three constitutional referenda and 1 ge neral comment 25 1996, paragraph 6. Much of the damage was done by the process that produced the last constitution, ratified in a bridgeburning process last winter that left then president mohamed morsi politically isolated. Right after the revolution in 2011, which ended thirty years of repression and dictatorship under the regime of expresident hosni mubarak, egyptians found themselves with the serious challenge of electing a new president and building a new egypt.
This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and. February 2011 september 20 page 2 of 40 including the timetable of electoral events provided for in the constitutional declaration issued on july 8, 20. Constitutional developments in egypt in 2011 by mr. Constitution preamble we, the people of egypt, in the name of the merciful god and with his aid, declare this to be our constitution, the document of the 25th of january revolution, which was started by our youth, embraced by. This study will focus on the egyptian revolution, the reasons behind it, its path and mechanisms, its uniqueness and immediate. This document is an english translation of the 2011 interim constitution of the arab republic of egypt.
Oct 12, 2012 cairo, egypt egyptian lawmakers have released a partial draft of egypts highly anticipated constitution, a document meant to embody the spirit of the tahrir square revolution. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt, 1971 as. Autocrat hosni mubarak steps down after 18 days of nationwide protests against his nearly 30year rule. The arab republic of egypt is a democratic state based on citizenship. Beginning in december 2010, unprecedented mass demonstrations against poverty, corruption, and political repression broke out in several arab countries, challenging the authority of some of the most entrenched regimes in the middle east and north africa. Egypts committee of 50 rewrites the constitution again.
Gamal abdel nasser 19541970, anwar sadat 19701981, hosni mubarak 19812011, and abdel fattah al sisi 20present. In the midst of current affairs in egypt where people are debating over the constitution that has been set before them to vote on, i would like to present to you one of the oldest, if not the oldest constitution in history. The constitution of the arab republic of egypt is the fundamental law of egypt the egyptian constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in january 2014. Egyptian vote on constitution reveals deep divisions. Egypts constitution and the document of the pioneering, peaceful revolution, which was started by egypts promising youth, protected by the armed forces, championed by the patient egyptians who gathered in tahrir square on january. Article 60 of the march 30 constitutional declaration issued by egypts military rulers in march 2011 states that a referendum on the. Jun 21, 2012 taken together this material documents not only the tensions between egypts many constitutions but also the preoccupations of its western observers.
This is our constitution, egypt is the gift of the nile for egyptians and the gift of egyptians to humanity. The constitutional declaration of 2011 also known as the provisional constitution of the arab republic of egypt citation needed was a measure adopted by the supreme council of the armed forces of egypt on 30 march 2011. Congressional research service 1 historical background since 1952, when a cabal of egyptian army officers, known as the free officers movement, ousted the britishbacked king, egypts military has produced four presidents. The constitution will take effect from the date on which the people approve the referendum. Text of the constitution the constitution of the arab republic of egypt after the amendments ratified on may 22, 1980 referendum the head of the state. Taken together this material documents not only the tensions between egypts many constitutions but also the preoccupations of its western observers. It then attempted to impose guidelines for the drafting of the constitution that would preserve its interests through. As street protests in egypt witnesses its third week, we hear frequent calls for a new egyptian constitution. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 april 2019. Normes declaration online egypt government portal pdf doc. It is the meeting point of world civilizations and cultures and the crossroads of its maritime transportation and. Following the overthrow of president hosni mubarak on 11 february 2011, there were widespread calls to change the 1971 constitution, viewed by many as providing the architecture for the countrys authoritarian regime.
Constitution of egypt constitution, egypt britannica. Constitutional proclamation we, the people of egypt, who have been toiling on. Taking into account the results of the referendum on the amendment of the constitution of the arab republic of egypt conducted on may 22, l 980. Egypts draft constitution translated egypt independent. If they pass, egypt will elect a new parliament and president within the next six months.
A constitutional referendum was held in egypt on 19 march 2011, following the 2011 egyptian revolution. Egyptian vote on constitution reveals deep divisions world. Egypt is going through the early phases of the throes of democratization. Egypts new constitution limits fundamental freedoms and. The paper ends with a personal account of the revolutionary events in cairo, in the course of which the people reasserted egypts living constitution, which forms the genuine core of its polity. Constitutions of the countries of the world, 201106, oxford university press, new york, usa doc. Omar ashour says that while egypts 2012 draft constitution is the least authoritarian one the country has ever had, it is far from perfect.
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